Construction order: label axes and units → draw the required curves → label beside curve ends → mark equilibrium coordinates with dotted guides → add shift arrows or identify areas. For flow charts, follow the direction of the economic relationship; do not invent price or quantity axes.
Select the diagram that explains the question. Reproduce the essential labels and explain the mechanism in words. This index points to representative diagrams; paired and alternative cases remain beside them in the chapter.
| Use when explaining | Essential labels and checks | Diagram |
|---|---|---|
| Short-run inflation–unemployment trade-off | Inflation rate and unemployment rate; SRPC; relevant movement. | p. 16 |
| A spending-component change | Price level, real output; AD1/AD2; shift arrow. | p. 36 |
| A production-cost change | Price level, real output; SRAS1/SRAS2; shift arrow. | p. 46 |
| Neoclassical productive capacity | Vertical LRAS; potential output; distinguish an AD movement from capacity growth. | p. 48 |
| Keynesian capacity constraints | One continuous AS curve; spare-capacity and near-capacity regions. | p. 49 |
| Demand-led output and price changes | AD1/AD2; AS; both equilibrium price levels and outputs. | p. 57 |
| An adverse supply shock | SRAS shift left; AD; higher price level and lower real output. | p. 59 |
| Injections, withdrawals and income | Households/firms; flow directions; S, T, M and I, G, X. | p. 65 |
| Actual versus potential output over time | Real output/time; both series; positive and negative gaps. | p. 71 |
| Interest-rate policy channels | Policy rate; rates/assets/confidence/exchange rate; spending; inflation and import prices. | p. 86 |
| An increase in productive capacity | LRAS1/LRAS2; rightward arrow; potential output before/after. | p. 95 |